The Fair Trade Movement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Fair Trade Movement - Research Paper Example The contemporary reasonable exchange development follows its underlying foundations back in the 1950’s when it was known as the Alternative Trade Organizations (ATO). Obviously, Alternative Trade Organizations were framed by philanthropic gatherings that tried to address the appropriate issue of neediness in the creating nations through mitigation measures. To this end, the philanthropic gatherings received the methodology of removing the go between from the gracefully chain of exchange between little scope organizations in the Southern side of the equator and little scope makers in the Northern half of the globe (Warrier, 100). Obviously, Oxfam UK interceded by selling craftwork in Oxfam shops which were created by Chinese outcasts (Hutchens, 5). To this end, the outcome was expanded measure of benefits for the work power in creating countries. In 1988, the Dutch part of the Alternative Trade Organizations, Solidarid, creatively made a naming system. Clearly, it supported in the presentation of items inside standard markets without selling out purchaser trust in their demonstrations of helpful help. Foundation Information In 1964, Oxfam UK framed the principal Fair Trade Organization (Warrier, 100). In such manner, there were equal mediations being embraced in Netherlands. Thusly, a bringing in association known as Fair Trade Original was made in 1967. To this end, Dutch third world affiliations began to sell sugar stick under the trademark, â€Å"by purchasing sugar stick, you offer needy individuals in third world countriea a possibility in the sun of prosperity†. Also, the third world Dutch gatherings continued to sell Southern handiworks and by 1969, they opened the first ‘Third World Shop.’ ... Thus, this prompted the making of various Southern Fair Trade Organizations which built up systems with the recently made Northern associations (Hutchens, 5). Clearly, the North and South co-activity was fixated on regard, exchange, straightforwardness and association. The common objective was towards accomplishing better value in universal exchange. Likewise, creating nations were occupied with global political stages towards tending to the disparity and injustice in worldwide exchange. In such manner, during the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development that occurred in Delhi in 1968, the creating countries were tending to the issue of ‘Trade not Aid.’ To this end, the underdeveloped nations underlined on the formation of common, and fair exchange organization with the South. This was in rebellion toward the North’s approach which was associated with getting all the advantages and offering piecemeal advantages took on the appearance of formative guide. Clearly, improvement exchange has been ascribed to the development of Fair Trade Movement since the late 1960s. Besides, its development is ascribed to the responsive mediation against destitution just as halfway because of calamity exuding from the South. Its significant concentration during its beginning was the advertising advancement of specialty things. The famous originators of the Fair Trade Movement were drawn from huge philanthropic and strict associations situated in European nations. Thusly, joint effort with Southern partners prompted the production of Southern Fair Trade Organizations (Warrier, 100). Obviously, the Southern Fair Trade Organizations played out crafted by

Evolution of Color Vision in Mammals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Development of Color Vision in Mammals - Essay Example Alongside visual framework adjustments, these progressions have caused critical contrasts in the remarkable quality and nature of warm blooded creature shading vision (Schwab et al 11). This paper will try to examine how shading vision has advanced in warm blooded creatures, particularly concerning marsupials, dolphins, and primates, talking about the applicable organic components, shading vision utility, and varieties in shading vision among the recorded vertebrates. Greater part of well evolved creatures can't separate shading by any means, rather living in a kind of high contrast condition. Primates and marsupials are among the couple of well evolved creatures that can recognize hues, which is demonstrated by the unmistakable cells present in their retinas that can envision hues (Schwab et al 23). Cone cells are principal in the capacity to recognize hues, accordingly shading vision, while bar cells are found in creatures that don't have the capacity for shading vision. Larger par t of warm blooded animals just have the bar cells, aside from primates and marsupials. ... There are just two kinds of bars; one that has a short frequency sensation, which empowers it to detect blue shading, and another for long frequency impression that permits it to detect for red shading (Schwab et al 24). Shading vision advanced from a dream in highly contrasting with long frequency detecting poles isolated into red cones that sense red shading and green cones that sense green shading. Marsupials have additionally been found to have three types of cones. As may be normal, shading vision development in marsupials was particular from the advancement of shading vision in primates. This prompted some unmistakable contrasts. The three cones that marsupials have are not blue, red, and green. Or maybe, they are ultra violet, blue, and red on the grounds that the poles for short frequency detecting isolated into ultra violet and blue cones (Gegenfurtner et al 44). Notwithstanding, starting today, nobody recognizes what shading sensations these cones have. The best way to disc over something about marsupial vision is through conduct testing. The quendka and cathemeral dunnart marsupials have trichromatic vision that is distinctive to that of primates since their S-cones can detect UV light, while the L-cones of the fat-followed dunnart have an extraordinary affectability for the phantom district in the green-yellow locale. It has been estimated that the L and M cones join to take into account detecting of earthy colored and enigmatically hued green. For the nectar possum, the L-cones advanced to a further length than for individual marsupials that presented yellow-red affectability (Gegenfurtner et al 44). Shading vision advancement for primates contrasts enormously contrasted with different eutharians. Primates are thought to

How to Do a Cybersecurity Risk Assessment

How to Do a Cybersecurity Risk Assessment A risk assessment is like filling a rubber balloon with water and checking for leaks.Instead of a balloon, a cybersecurity risk assessment scans for threats such as data breaches to negate any security flaws affecting your business.Successful cybersecurity risk assessment ensures it’s cost-effective to the business without blowing your budget out of the water.Today, we’ll learn how to effectively circumvent digital threats utilizing effective risk assessment techniques to fit your business goals. WHY BOTHER WITH A CYBERSECURITY RISK ASSESSMENT?The most obvious answer is to safeguard your business from the malicious hands of hackers grabbing your sensitive information and displaying it online for public viewing.This information ranges from financial information, internal vulnerabilities, private customer information, and other sensitive data that causes your business a great deal of distress if there was a security breach.Here are the reasons why cybersecurity risk assessment is r equired.1. Long-Term Cost ReductionThe golden quote â€" “Prevention is better than cure” applies to digital threats as well. It’s best to identify threats before they hamper your business instead of dealing with it after an attack.Cybersecurity risk assessment helps in early warnings to your business and mitigates any damage eliminating the need to go into quarantine mode.2. Always-On VisibilityImagine having a 24/7, year-round security that warns you of all the latest threats, sounds tremendous, doesn’t it? That’s exactly why cybersecurity risk assessment is required.An effective cybersecurity risk assessment is one that is always updated and expels even the well-executed data breach.It’s also an effective way to remain ahead of your competitors in terms of protecting your business.3. For Cyber InsuranceThe days where insurance meant only ‘Life’ and ‘Health’ are behind us.Today, modern businesses insulate themselves with cyber insurances that act as a barrier in case of a security incident and to protect them from financial loss.Companies that provide these cyber insurances require a mandatory cyber risk assessment system in place before they issue their policies.If you’re thinking of insuring your online business, a risk assessment check must be performed.4. Increase Company ValuationWhen your stakeholders and clients know you are well-versed with risk management and have deployed a cybersecurity risk management, it automatically boosts your company’s net worth.Eliminating any risk in data breaches creates an aura of confidence for future investors to feel like their investments are in good hands.THE CYBERSECURITY RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGYAn effective risk evaluation to weed out illegal data attacks is the ‘101 survival guide for digital businesses.Your questions may range from â€"Where do I begin? Do I simply hire personnel to look after my security breaches? What if I don’t have the required budget?Let Cleverism answer your se curity concerns with the following cybersecurity recommendations. 1. Map out the SystemWhen you spend time understanding the type of business you’re dealing with, it becomes easy to sort out the risks that you’re most vulnerable to.Here are a few questions to ask yourself regarding your business.What kind of business company am I? Small and medium businesses have a lower budget compared to large organizations. Hence, the cost to create a cybersecurity risk assessment should be considered to ensure you don’t overspend.Do I have IT personnel working in my team or do I employ one?If you work with IT specialists, speaking with them will familiarize you with the type of security system your organization utilizes. The type of data to track and protect. If you don’t have any IT professionals on your payroll, hire a freelancer.Do I run complete network diagnostics?Every electronic item from smartphones, printers, laptops, and computers should be identified. Plenty of vulnerabilities arise from unauthorized access and it’s necessary to mitigate electronics connected to your network by identifying them.Attackers can gain access via the internet so it’s necessary for Wi-fi devices like hotspots and routers to be a part of the network program.If you’re a large organization, paid applications like Nessus Professional provide a breakdown of all the vulnerabilities affecting your network.Free programs such as OpenVAS are ideal for small businesses.Ensure the entire system, applications, network, and other firmware are updated daily or weekly. When the firmware is outdated, your system remains at risk of the latest exploitations.Microsoft Windows 10 users have an update assistant at their disposal that notifies the user if any software or application has an update queued.2. Understanding the RisksEvery breach is different and carries a different level of threat. Knowledge of the type of vulnerability is required when a cybersecurity risk assessment is carried ou t.Let’s look at some of the popular risks.Data Distortion. During cyber espionage, a cybercriminal attempts to distort or modify data. This is typically done to steal identities such as social security numbers and payment information. Cybercriminals switch the personal information of an organization’s database and are considered among the biggest cyber crimes.Phishing. Imagine having your clients login to your brand’s website only for them to have their information stolen. A phishing attack is carried out in order to steal personal credentials while mimicking the authenticity of a verified site. Unsuspecting users enter their user information and passwords on such sites and have their sensitive information hacked.Ransomware. Ransomware utilizes intelligent techniques to embed into your system. An infected USB drive, a malicious email, a malware website, etc. Unlike other cyber crimes, ransomware takes their own time to infect the entire system. If you’ve noticed your systems slowing down, chances are you’ve been afflicted by ransomware. Ransomware transfers sensitive data to the hacker.Trojan Toolkits. System vulnerabilities in the form of automated attack toolkits exploit spamming techniques by installing Trojans on your system. Once your system is infected, it requires a complete quarantine which may require you to completely erase all data on your drive due to the duplicating nature of toolkits.Data Leaks. Sometimes the hacker isn’t looking for personal profit. In such a case, all data that is stolen is made public and it becomes a huge embarrassment for the organization in question. Data leaks threaten big corporations like Microsoft, Apple, Google, Facebook, etc. every year. Assessing the type of risk is critical to understand how to solve the issue. Analytical questions can then be prepared based on a threat.How large is the risk?What are the immediate containment plans to prevent further spread?How many machines are affected?How did the atta ck occur? Find the start point.Is it safe to take the entire system offline to conduct a complete investigation?How many files were contaminated in the attack?Having a set of questions prepared beforehand will allow you to assess the attack quicker without wasting precious time.3. Hire an IT Professional to Evaluate the Internal SystemMany small businesses usually fall prey to cyber-attacks as they don’t know what they are looking for during an assessment.It’s incredibly important to perform a thorough risk assessment of your internal system, framework, and other network interfaces.If you’re a small business and trying to save money by doing the risk assessment yourself, then you’ll end up costing your business a ton of money without in-depth knowledge.Similar to how it’s impossible to drive a car without prior knowledge of driving, it’s impossible to perform a risk assessment with limited knowledge on the subject.According to cybersecurity expert Kyle David, “Small bu sinesses that suffer from a data breach end up closing their doors.”An IT specialist will identify the following â€"Run a complete network evaluation to check if your system isn’t already infectedIf infected, the vulnerabilities are identified, and countermeasures are deployedIf not infected, the specialist performs all safety checks to ensure your defense system is activeThe specialist provides a detailed breakdown of the threat source to ensure the incident doesn’t repeatEvery organization’s internal system is different, a full evaluation provides you with information on how well your current cybersecurity is performing.IT professionals perform checks on your control system such as â€"Operations ControlsAuthentication ControlsSecurity ControlsAdministrative ControlsRisk Management ControlsUser ControlsThe control section provides complete information on the background of the attack, personnel access, and other data protection protocol.Once the evaluation of your internal n etwork is performed. The IT professional will provide an assessment rating such as â€"Satisfactory â€" Your defense system is working as intended and there are no requirements necessaryFair â€" Your defense holds up to the current wave of attacks but isn’t ready for new-age threats. Recommendations to upgrade are provided by the specialist.Average â€" Your security is lacking but there have been no attempts or breaches. An immediate revamp of your security is necessary.Poor â€" Your security is failing at all levels and there are multiple breaches. An in-depth data assessment must be performed to see the level of damage.Depending on what category you fall into, the next steps of a cybersecurity risk assessment need to be considered.4. Limit Personnel AccessDid you know your entire system can be infected by a single employee clicking a suspicious link through email?Human error is among the largest causes of a network breach. Simple video attachments via USBs or malicious email conn ected to the network causes a vulnerability in the entire system.If your employees aren’t well trained, the use of insecure channels to transmit data causes internal threats to the system. This gives way to bigger threats such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) and malicious worms that steal sensitive data.Another threat that plagues businesses are phishing websites. Assuming your employees enter private user credentials into secure websites without double-checking the SSL certificates, the data is stolen via phishing attacks. The damage can be irreversible to recover from.An efficient way to counter human error is by providing cybersecurity awareness to every person connected to your organization.The following checklist ensures you always provide a full rundown of all the necessary security protocols to be followed by your personnel.Ensure unencrypted flash drives and USBs are strictly prohibited in the workplace.Ensure all employees use a strong password with a mix of numer als, alphabets, and special characters. A good password should ideally be above 10 characters.2FA or Two-factor authentication is an effective way to add a 2nd layer of defense to private credentials.Utilize phishing simulators to send your work colleagues suspicious emails to test if they follow security protocol. If they’re a victim to phishing, demonstrate the importance of following best security practices. Appreciate the ones that don’t fall prey to your phishing attempts.Emails with attachments should always be dealt with carefully by your team. If an antivirus doesn’t clear the attachment or if the sender’s email isn’t recognized, it’s best to have the email flagged and sent to the higher-ups for evaluation.Create a strict policy against installing games and other software on workstations.Restrict websites in your office environment to control browsing activity by your employees. Social media should be accessed on their own data network.If your business requires f ull browsing access to websites, then set up a training program to educate your employees on safe browsing guidelines.Every workstation must be password protected and an active high-rated antivirus should be installed before any work is performed.Don’t play the blame game with your colleagues if a security breach occurs.The responsibility of your organization is solely on you.Ensure your employees are following the company’s rules and regulations. Have them sign a contract forbidding them to share sensitive information. A confidentiality agreement is a must to safeguard your trade secrets.If an employee has breached the contract, a warning may be issued to the person responsible. On repeated offenses, it’s critical to terminate the employee before things get out of hand.When you minimize human errors, you cut down outside threats and the other half is controlled through automation.5. Review New Cyber SecurityOnce a new risk management system has been installed to thwart future cybercrimes, it’s necessary to run different tests to ensure your cybersecurity holds.Here are the common assessments to run.Simulated Penetration Vulnerability TestA penetration test creates a mock cyberattack on your overall system to test the full extent of your risk management system. This type of test seeks to evaluate the following â€"The entire network structure’s defensive capabilitiesWeb and mobile appsWi-fi and firewall accessOnce the test is complete, a full test report is provided that demonstrates if your system is under threat or safe.System AuditsA cybersecurity professional performs a complete review of every physical and digital component to ensure there are no vulnerabilities.This type of testing is done purely through a security expert. The expert will run an evaluation on â€"Database serversWi-fi routersDirectory serversApp serversNetwork workstationsSystem FirewallsDesktops, Printers, and LaptopsSmartphones connected to the networkMiscellaneous servers con nected to the networkOnce a thorough investigation is complete, the expert provides a comprehensive report that your system is protected. Ensure this report is saved to compare towards future reports of the same.Employee Awareness TestWe had previously discussed how it’s critical to ensure your employees are on board with your security program.But how do you test their resolve?By running random phishing campaigns without alerting them.When you unleash a simulated phishing attack on your team, you’ll have a clear vision of the members falling prey to these attempts and which ones remain vigilant.The ones that fall prey can be trained and demonstrated in utilizing the best practices of cybersecurity.The employee awareness test aims to maintain an alert workforce and in doing so, a secure organization.As with anything, practice makes perfect. The following tests are to be run periodically on a routine to ensure your system remains protected. It’s critical to save test reports for future analysis. CONCLUSIONA cybersecurity system is like a house with many doors. If one door remains unguarded, the entire house is under threat of collapse.With constant updates and risk management tests, ensure that you regularly identify threats and neutralize them to stay ahead in the security race.Did you learn a new method to protect your system using our guide? Comment below. We’d be happy to hear from you.

Critical Thinking about Post-Independence in Africa and the Anglophone Caribbean

The African continent and the Anglophone Caribbean region share a common history. The two regions were colonized. Majority of the countries gained independence, through peaceful negotiation and armed struggle. Evaluating the progress of the two regions in the last five decades of independence is not easy. The task of evaluating becomes objective and reliable when the task is approached from the perspective of African and Anglo Caribbean nationalism, and the expectation of independence. Both the regions harbored complex nationalist. It’s possible for     one to; argue that the two regions sought to achieve the objectives of decolonization, nation building, development, democracy, and regional in integration (John, McLeod 2007:15-25). State formation Decolonization was one of the great historical phenomenon and achievements of the twentieth century. It marked the achievement for African and Anglo-Caribbean society. The period after 1945 culminated in the demise of colonialism in Africa and Anglophone Caribbean. The taunting task was state formation and setting up basic infrastructure to drive the economy. The independent governments successfully managed to put in place a functional civil service. Education At independence, there were very few institutions of higher learning in both regions. The citizens of these colonies received basic education to enable them render cheap labor in colonial farms. Countries like Zimbabwe, Kenya, Ghana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago in have established many institutions of higher learning like universities and polytechnics to increase access to higher Education. Besides, Kenya, Ghana and Uganda provides free primary Education hence improving the quality of education (John McLeod 100-105). Democracy Every modern government must embrace democratic culture. This is an area where most states in these regions have underscored.   A decade preceding independence saw most of the states degenerate to despotism. Most of the states in Anglophone Caribbean adopted Liberal authoritarianism while others like Guyana went too far to adopt dictatorship where young black men were extra- judicially prosecuted by the government. Majority of African states adopted one party state, which was used as a symbol of oppression and exploitation. Although, elections in Africa have been conducted on a regular basis, they are not always free and fair. The current crisis in Kenya and Zimbabwe is a great testimony. Independence Most of the states in Africa and Anglophone Caribbean are not fully independent. They have continuously depended on financial aid from Britain and North America. The issue of neocolonialism is imminent in both the regions, because the affairs of these states are in directly controlled by powerful states. These countries are always required to undertake some structural adjustments programs. (Gogfrey Mwakikagile 2006:40-48) Development Africa and the Caribbean Anglophone harbor the most impoverished countries in the world. In the recent statistics released by the World Bank, African countries featured prominently in the bottom fifty. The genesis of economic under- development was the adoption of the colonial economy by the independent governments.   Plantation agriculture as opposed food crop farming has made these regions to become, victims of over dependence on food aid from the most industrialized states. The last fifty years of independence in Africa and Anglophone Caribbean have witnessed great periods of success and failure in the areas democracy, economic development and national integration.   Africa and the Anglophone Caribbean need to restructure their economic system to bring in an aspect of mixed economy. Besides, the culture of democracy must be entrenched to span economic development because persistent wrangling has had a negative influence on the economy. Work Cited John, McLeod Rout ledge companion to postcolonial studies Publisher Routledge, 2007 John McLeod Beginning post colonialism Manchester University Press, 2000 Gogfrey Mwakikagile Africa after independence: realities of nationhood llustratedPublisher, 2006

Richard Wright s Letter From A Birmingham Jail - 1120 Words

It is clearly apparent in society that segregation causes unneeded violence and hatred that can be stopped once everyone learns to respect and notice their differences. Although, this transformation does not seem to be as easy as it sounds. In this case, fear impacts equality and when fear prevents equality, people s’ opinions are not able to be heard, leading to discrimination and injustice. The fear of differing ideas and opinions makes it hard to reach independence and freedom because a negative mindset is preventing the transformation. Throughout history and into today, the largest injustice in our society deals with racial prejudice, and the fear of emerging cultures often leads to superiority with the majority of the population and inferiority with the minority. Throughout reading Native Son by Richard Wright, â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† by Martin Luther King Jr., â€Å"A Model of Christian Charity† by John Winthrop, looking at the historical and biographical facts from my research on Richard Wright, and noticing my classmate’s and my own thoughts, I have recognized many concepts used that reflect the authors’ work that explain their contrasting perspectives on life. Two main concepts that I saw repeating throughout this semester in our readings were fear and equality and how the two conflict. As we read Native Son, Bigger’s resulting attitude toward the whites is a combination of anger and powerful fear. He fears the whites as an overpowering force that he cannotShow MoreRelatedThe Rights And Civil Liberties2009 Words   |  9 Pagesentitled, I Hear America Singing, on America s workforce striving for the best outcome in life. The poem - which had been published in 1860 - serves as a perfect example towards freedom of speech in a positive light as an American citizen. It consists of American citizens simply having the freedom to say - or in this case, metaphorically sing - whatever they want regarding their job while no one is judging them. These individuals in the poem vary from women, to men and people of different workingRead MoreAfrican Americans from 18652319 Words   |  10 PagesAfrican Americans from 1865 Sandelle Studway HIS204 Joseph Scahill 01/22/13 African Americans from 1865 African Americans have fought a great battle to become a part of society in America. Since being taken from African as slaves in the 1600’s there has been a continuous battle for equality since. Since the end of slavery Black Americans have had many accomplishments along with hardships. In this paper I will discuss some of the Major events in African American history beginning with the endRead MoreLiterature Has The Power Of Literature3178 Words   |  13 Pagesthe power to change lives, minds, and hearts, and more than that, it has the power to free, and it has since the colonial era to present time. Since slavery began in the early colonies, slaves were mistreated. They were whipped, they were separated from land and family, treated as property, and perhaps the worst treatment of all: they were not allowed to have schooling. In that time, it was considered unlawful, as well as unsafe, to teach a slave to read (Douglass ). In the words of Frederick Douglass’s

Case Study An Analysis of Google Inc Free Essays

Introduction A case study approach is used in analyzing the sustainability of effective staff training and development in the workplace. Google Inc was chosen as the case study subject because the company had been twice voted as ‘Best Company to Work for in America’ in the years 2007 and 2008 (Great Place to Work 2010). An examination of Google’s organizational culture, human resource policies, and employee training and development programs will help in analyzing the dissertation topic more concretely and concisely. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study: An Analysis of Google Inc or any similar topic only for you Order Now This will also aid in meeting the study’s objectives. 1.1. Background of the Organization In January 1996, Larry Page and Sergey Brin started Google as a research project for their PhD studies at Stanford University (Google Milestones 2013). At that time, conventional search engines ranked search results by counting the number of search terms on the web page. Page and Brin introduced a search engine with a better mechanism that was based on the analysis of relationships between websites (Page et al 1999). They named the new search engine BackRub. This research project became the foundation of Google Inc. By September 1998, Google was incorporated as a privately-held company. In June 2000, Google was recognized as the world’s largest search engine. By 2002, Google earned several awards including Best Search Feature and Best Design awards. The company gained success by continuously enhancing its products and services. The company also launched a free email account, called Gmail (Google Milestones 2013). On August 19, 2004 the company has its initial public offering (IPO). The IPO earned Google USD $1.67 billion, which gave the company a total market capitalization of USD $23 billion (Elgin, 2004). Google has achieved great success in growing its internet-related products and services. In line with this, it has acquired several small entrepreneurial ventures like Keyhole Inc, YouTube, Double Click, Grand Central, Aardvark and On2 Technologies (Google Milestones 2013). In recent years, Google has become a significant player in the telecom industry with its development of the Android mobile system. The company is also increasing its hardware business through its partnerships with major electronics manufacturers. 1.2. Corporate Mission and Organizational Culture Google Inc has promoted its corporate mission of ‘to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful.’ The company seeks to empower individuals by providing its customers with the right products and/or services at the right time and by encouraging its employees to be innovative and productive. The company’s human resource policies are vertically integrated with this vision. Despite its success, Denning (2011) criticizes Google’s corporate mission. Denning contends that Google’s mission does not truly reflect its core business. The company’s mission statement, which focuses on organizing the world’s information, describes the workings of a library instead of a web-based search engine. Denning cites the failures of Google Health and Google Power Meter, which were tools constructed from a library mindset and were designed to help people assemble information about their health and energy use respectively. Adhering to Google’s mission statement caused these business ventures to fail. However, supporters of Google believe that its mission statement has paved the way for the creation of innovative products and services. Google is fundamentally built upon a culture of openness and sharing of ideas and opinions. This is primarily influenced by the company’s beginnings as an internet startup company. In line with this principle, the company has encouraged its employees to ask questions directly to top executives about various company issues (Google 2013). Google is a dynamic company wherein everyone’s ideas are respected and heard. In a comparative analysis of Google vis-a-vis other information technology companies, it was observed that Google has a more employee-friendly working environment. The company also provides flexibility both in terms of working hours and work place in order to foster creativity and the flow of ideas (Business Teacher 2011). Google’s organizational culture is built upon intrapreneurship. Employees are encouraged to be proactive, self-motivated and action-oriented, with the goal of developing new and innovative products or services They are motivated through the challenge of creating something new rather than waiting for their managers to provide them with next deadline or a prescribed project proposal. The vision of Google is to sustain the same level of devotion and enthusiasm among its employees as Larry Page and Sergey Brin themselves had when they were conceptualizing Google at Stanford University (Hammond 2004). Google is also well-known for its attractive compensation packages, various on-the-job perks, and luxurious offices. These have been credited as motivating factors that encourage Google’s employees to be dedicated and hardworking. The company also utilizes training and development to maximize employees’ creative potential. 1.3.Human Resources as a Strategic Partner for Business Google’s human resource development policies help the company to align its workforce with its vision. The company promotes its human resource department as a strategic partner of employees. Google values innovativeness and creativity in its employees. Innovation is very important for the long-term success and future growth of the company. To achieve this, the company encourages new ideas from employees and provides rewards/incentives to motivate them (Forster 2005). Furthermore, the company makes an effort to create a workplace with an atmosphere that is conducive to fostering creativity, imagination, and innovativeness. The human resource department of an organization has the responsibility of keeping its work force motivated and helping the company to meets its targets. An important strategy in helping to achieve these goals is through the continuous provision of training and development in the work place. In line with this, the human resource department must ensure that resources allocated to the development and training of employees does not affect market dynamics in a negative manner. Human resource managers have to act as service providers to the organization’s workforce by rendering the employees as internal customers (Gupta 2005). Adhering with this line of thinking, Google’s work places provide various amenities to enable them to create and innovate. At Google, the process of employee development starts from recruitment. As such, it is important for the company to hire the right talent that fits comfortably within Google’s organizational setting. Google prioritizes hiring employees who are willing to work as team players, with an attitude of looking for new solutions, and are capable of leading small creative projects (Horn 2011). Google hires employees who are willing to continuously train and develop themselves both as individuals and as part of larger groups within the company. As an organization, Google can shift the burden of learning to employees because it focuses on hiring individuals who already demonstrate a passion for self-directed learning (Sullivan 2011). 1.4.Training and Development After hiring the right talent, the company, led by the human resource department, has the responsibility of enhancing and sustaining its talent pool through further training and development. Similar to other information technology companies, Google has one of the youngest work forces with a median age of 27 years (Great Place to Work Institute Inc. 2008). Sustaining such a young work force can be challenging as this age group is usually characterized by a quick change of associations. Google sustains its young work force by providing ample opportunities for learning and development. Professional development opportunities at Google include trainings for individual and team presentation skills, business writing, content development, delivering feedback, executive speaking, management and leadership. Google also sponsors free foreign language classes (i.e. French, Spanish, Japanese, and Mandarin) for all its employees. Every young product manager is also assigned with career and management coaches/mentors, who teach them various skills and encourage them to establish their own start-up venture. Such mentoring and coaching is believed to have engendered a lot of loyalty among employees (Walker, 2012). Google also pays particular attention to its engineers by providing them with unique development opportunities. For instance, ‘EngEDU’ is a highly specialized training and development program in which Google engineers conduct internal trainings to other engineers within the company. Additionally, the company has several leadership programs aimed at developing the company’s future leaders. Google is able sustain its highly talented workforce through its training and development program called ‘GoogleEDU.’ This initiative is aimed at formalizing learning for managers and executives. It relies on data analytics to understand what kind of training is needed by employees. It uses employee reviews of managers in suggesting the right courses for managers. All these training and development efforts are made to sustain the company’s talented workforce, especially in the face of stiff competition from other internet and social media companies. A 2008 survey conducted by ’Great place to Work‘ revealed that more than 90% of the company’s employees mention that they were provided with adequate training and development to enhance their potential. Moreover, 97% of employees believe that they were provided with all the essential resources to perform their jobs. Google provides its employees a minimum of 120 hours of training and development each year. This figure is almost thrice as much as the IT industry average in North America (Great Place to Work Institute Inc. 2008). 1.5. Google Inc: A Learning Organization A learning organization is one that seeks to create its own future; that assumes learning is an ongoing and creative process for its members; and one that develops, adapts, and transforms itself in response to the needs and aspirations of people, both inside and outside itself (Navran Associates Newsletter 1993, p.1). An important characteristic of learning organizations is that they do not strictly dictate their employees’ functions. Employees are instead provided with adequate flexibility to pursue their interest based on the premise that they are strategically aligned with the organization’s goals. By doing this, employees play an active role in shaping the organization rather than passively following prescribed routines. Employees are encouraged to express ideas and challenge themselves with new targets, which consequently contribute towards an improved work environment. Such active employee participation is a paradigm shift from the traditional authoritarian management, which was deemed less potent at harnessing greater human potential. Learning organizations can ‘create the results they truly desire and where they can learn to learn together for the betterment of the whole’ (Rheem 1995, p.10). Through its strong commitment towards learning and development, Google has thrived as a learning organization, which provides its employees with a work environment based on openness and creative thinking. As a learning organization, Google embraces the idea that the solutions to the challenges and ongoing business problems reside within its employees. Google taps into the creative base of its workforce by giving them the ‘ability to think critically and creatively, the ability to communicate ideas and concepts, and the ability to cooperate with other human beings in the process of inquiry and action’ (Navran Associates Newsletter 1993, p.1). Google’s management and leadership style is critical in enforcing such a learning organizational culture. Google values the common wisdom of its employees and considers freedom, flexibility and information sharing as vital for organizational learning and bringing out the best ideas to the table. The company’s former CEO and current Chairperson, Eric Schmidt, mentions that ‘in traditional companies, the big offices, the corner offices, the regal bathrooms, and everybody dressed up in suits cause people to be afraid to speak out. But the best ideas typically don’t come from executives’ (Manyika, 2008). Google encourages learning and development at all levels of the organization. It follows the ‘70-20-10’ rule, wherein its employees spent 70% of their working hours on core business activities; 20% on assignments related to the core business activities; and 10% on projects that are not directly related to Google’s core business activities. Schmidt himself followed this policy during his tenure as CEO by spending his time in the prescribed manner in three different rooms (Battelle, 2005). This strategy is based on the company’s view that managerial oversight is counter-productive for exploratory research and that ‘new ideas emerge with freedom from thinking about obligations’ (Manyika 2008). Likewise, Google encourages its core engineers to spend 20% of their time pursuing new projects that interest them in the absence of any formal regular duties. This is referred to as ‘Innovation Time Off’ (Battelle 2005). This strategy proved to be very productive as more than half of new product launches originated from this scheme (Mayer 2012). Furthermore, in its efforts to boost learning and development, Google adheres to a very flat organizational hierarchy, where employees do not obey managers just because of their titles without having them make a convincing case (Walker 2012). Google’s approach towards fostering a learning and development environment is unique because it not only encourages ambitious ideas but also supports them by limiting bureaucracy and approving viable ideas of employees within days rather than months (Sullivan 2011). Employees at Google enjoy a very informal organizational culture and have access to several on-site amenities such as gyms, massages, pool, volley ball courts, and ping-pong tables, as well as stocked snack rooms and other recreational amenities (Google Culture 2013). The learning and development efforts of Google and its overall human resource practices have yielded impressive results for the company. One of the most remarkable of these results is in terms of employee productivity. The mean revenue of each Google employee per year is estimated at more than USD$1 million. Google’s productivity metric is an efficient indicator of how the organization leverages its employees (Sullivan 2011). Conclusion Hout (1999, p.161) contends that ‘the invisible hand of the marketplace should displace the visible hand of the manager. The markets can determine where one team or initiative or company ends and another begins. Managers interfere at their peril.’ This signifies the importance of a talented, learned and flexible workforce. It is only through commitment to effective development and training that an organization can tap the collective wisdom of its executives and all of its employees in order to yield bright ideas and solutions that can be translated into the company’s success. Moreover, providing proper training and development can help to keep employees motivated and enthusiastic about their work. Google is a good example of a company that is able to sustain its highly talented work force through its open organizational culture and effective training and development policies (Carlson, 2009). Google’s organizational culture, which has its roots from the internet start-up business model, encourages direct communication between employees and company executives. Google fosters an informal, friendly atmosphere among its employees. The company’s founders promote independent learning and encourage its employees to challenge conventional wisdom. Moreover, its offices are designed to cultivate creativity, innovativeness and imagination (Walker 2012a; Anurag 2009). Over the years, Google has continuously enhanced its employee training and development programs. These programs are aimed at improving employees’ skills and to help them achieve better work performance. One of the company’s most recent initiatives is GoogleEDU, which is a way of determining what training programs are needed by employees based on data analytics and other statistical measures (Walker 2012b). In 2011, Google provided classes to a third of its global work force and offered 186 different classes, ranging from presentation skills to marketing and advanced negotiations. The company regularly retools its classes to ensure that employees get the right training. In an effort to make its training and development courses more effective, Google has also offered specific classes based on an employee’s work area and career stage. The company also promotes knowledge sharing among its employees through its coaching and mentoring programs. Moreover, it provides in-house training provided by some of its employees (Walker 2012a). Google also hires external experts for its training programs. Google uses innovative human resource approaches in achieving its goals. It decentralizes the training, development and learning effort and eschews traditional training methods. The company provides the necessary tools for development but places the responsibility of learning to its employees. In this regard, it hires individuals who demonstrate the ability for self-directed learning (Sullivan 2007). Google allocates as much as 30% of an employee’s time for learning. Based on a 70-20-10 time allocation model, 10% of work time is allocated for ‘innovation, creativity, and freedom to think; while 20% is for personal development that will ultimately benefit the company’ (Sullivan 2007, p.1). Google is able to sustain effective staff training and development in the work place through the support of top management combined with the efforts of the human resource department. The company’s open organizational culture allows for the integration of the company’s business goals with human resource practices. Moreover, Google prioritizes the well-being of its employees through the implementation of various training and learning programs, the provision of highly attractive compensation packages, and offering of various on-the-job perks because the company believes that its success is due to its people. Google recognizes that having great employees contribute significantly to the company’s success. Thus, it ensures that its training and development programs are sustainable and effective (Cope 2012). References Battelle, J. (2005). Google CEO Eric Schmidt gives us his golden rules for managing innovation. CNN/Money. Available: http://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2005/12/01/8364616/index.htm. Last accessed 19th Feb 2013. Business Teacher. (2011). Google’s vision and mission. Available: http://www.businessteacher.org.uk/free-management-essays/googles-vision-and-mission.php. Last accessed 28th Feb 2013. Carlson, N. (2009). Google CEO Eric Schmidt: â€Å"We Don’t Really Have A Five-Year Plan† Business Insider. Available: http://articles.businessinsider.com/2009-05-20/tech/30099731_1_google-ceo-eric-schmidt-googlers-google-people. Last accessed 19th Feb 2013. Cope, K. (2012). Employees: The Best Companies Know They’re the Foundation of Success. Available: http://www.tlnt.com/2012/02/20/employees-the-best-companys-know-theyre-the-foundation-of-success/. Last accessed 28th Feb 2013. Denning, S. (2011). Google: Rethink Your Mission. Available: http://www.forbes.com/sites/stevedenning/2011/07/05/google-rethink-your-mission/1/. Last accessed 28th Feb 2013. Forster, N (2005). Maximum Performance: A Practical Guide to Leading and Managing People at Work. Australia: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. p.1-594. Google Inc. (2010). Yahoo Finance. Available: http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=goog. Last accessed 19th Feb 2013. Google Milestones. (2010). Google. Available: http://www.google.com/intl/en/corporate/history.html. Last accessed 19th Feb 2013. Great Place to Work Institute Inc. (2008). Available: http://resources.greatplacetowork.com/article/pdf/100-best-2008-google.pdf. Last accessed 19th Feb 2013. Gupta, A. (2005). Design Education: Tradition and Modernity; Treating Employees as Customers: A Human Resource Equity. P.7-9 Hammonds, K. (2004). A Googler’s Admission: Life amid Semantic, Visual, and Technical Esoterica. p.24 Horn, L. (2011). Google Receives 75K Job Applications. PC Mag. Available: http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2379379,00.asp. Last accessed 19th Feb 2013. Hout, T M. (1999). Books in Review: Are Managers Obsolete. Harvard Business Review. 77(2) pp. 161–168. Manyika, J. (2008). Google’s View on the Future of Business: An Interview with CEO Eric Schmidt. The McKinsey Quarterly. Available: http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Googles_view_on_the_future_of_business_An_interview_with_CEO_Eric_Schmi t_2229. Last accessed 19th Feb 2013. Mayer, M. (2010). Marissa Mayer at Stanford University. Available: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=soYKFWqVVzg. Last accessed 28th Feb 2013. Page, L; Brin, S; Motwani, R; Winograd, T (1999). The PageRank Citation Ranking: Bringing Order to the Web. Stanford University. Available: http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/422/1/1999-66.pdf. Last accessed 19th Feb 2013. Rheem, H. (1995). The learning organization. Harvard Business Review. 73(2), p.10. Sullivan, J. (2011). Search Google for Top HR Practices. WorkForce.com. Available: http://www.workforce.com/article/20071130/NEWS02/311309983/search-google-for-top-hr-practices. Last accessed 19th Feb 2013. Technical Overview. (2010). Google. Available: http://www.google.com/corporate/tech.html Last accessed 19th Feb 2013. Walker, J. (2012a). The Google Way of Learning. Available: http://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SBB0001424052702303918204577448500101101414/The-Google-Way-of-Learning. Last accessed 28th Feb 2013. Walker, J. (2012b). School’s in-session at Google. The Wall Street Journal. Available: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303410404577466852658514144.html. Last accessed 19th Feb 2013. How to cite Case Study: An Analysis of Google Inc, Free Case study samples

War On Drugs free essay sample

The United States legal and political system is very complex. There are two major political bodies governing each state: The Federal Government, which imposes laws on the national level, and the State Government, which has its own agenda. In the recent years, four to five States have introduced legislation which conflicts with Federal law. Thus, the question arises, should the Federal Government have the final say or should each State Government have the power to overcome Federal decisions. This paper will use the issue of drug policies in the United States to give an insight on the conflicts that marijuana laws have caused between the Federal and State Governments and will use examples from the States that have already legalized marijuana as a medicinal and/or recreational drug. Since the late 20th century the U. S Federal Government has been at war, a War on Drugs. This war is very complex and too elaborate to focus on as a whole; therefore, the predominant focus will be on the prohibition of marijuana. We will write a custom essay sample on War On Drugs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Popular culture has augmented the presence of marijuana in the U. S society and has created many controversies regarding its use. In addition, this essay will provide a short outline regarding what the â€Å"War on Drugs† is and will try to answer the question, has this war been effective? The 1960’s marked a phase of social unrest and rebellion. The two main issues at hand were the Jim Crow Law, attitude against African Americans living in the south, and the U. S involvement in the Vietnam War. There were many demonstrations which lead to Riots where innocent people died. In 1970 Kent State Massacre was one of the demonstrations where innocent lives were lost. Students protests lead to four deaths, one paralyzed, and eight wounded. Social unrest was at an all time high. Since the 1960s drugs were seen as a symbol of youthful rebellion, social upheaval, and Political strife. Therefore, to try to end such social unrest, all aspects causing it were attacked by the Federal Government. The War on Drugs was used to mitigate the exposure of such revolutionary symbols and to decrease youth consumption of illegal drugs. It was a campaign introduced by President Richard Nixon, in June 1971, where he dramatically increased the presence of Federal drug control agencies. In 1973, congress accepted the proposal to merge the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs and the Office of Drug Abuse Law Enforcement. Thus, the Drug Enforcement Administration was formed, a more centralized agency which is the dominant force behind the War on Drugs. This is a great example of U. S Federalism at play. The â€Å"War on Drugs† aims to reduce illegal drug trade by enforcing harsher sentences for violators. The goal is to protect the citizens of the United States, but, when one looks at the war on drugs closely it becomes evident that this war has been rather counter productive. The U. S citizens have suffered the most and the real criminal organizations are the ones who benefit the most. The process of eradicating drugs from the streets of the United States is rather flawed. The Enforcement agencies such as the DEA and local state police make arrests and the violators are prosecuted. The Federal Government regulates drugs through the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) (21 U. S. C.  § 811), which doesnt differentiate between medical and recreational use of marijuana. The Federal Government places every controlled substance in a scheduled base on its potential for abuse and medical gain. Under the CSA, marijuana is classified as a Schedule I drug alongside cocaine and Heroine. Firstly, this highlights the arrogance of the Federal Government that, despite medical experiments, labelling marijuana is more beneficial than harmful. The Federal Government views marijuana as highly damaging with no medical value. Further, a conviction of marijuana will be treated the same way as the conviction of cocaine related violations. As a student living in Canada where marijuana is rather more acceptable, it seems rather irrational and irresponsible to view a conviction of cocaine and marijuana in the same category. In regard to the War on Drugs, the Federal Government hasnt sufficiently handled the marijuana issue. The U. S popular culture promotes the medicinal and recreational consumption of marijuana. These laws have led to much violence and corruption and yet marijuana is still classified as a drug like cocaine and heroine regardless of its proven medicinal benefits. The reason Ive decided to use marijuana as the basis of my argument is because its the epicentre of this war. An ample amount of the budget for mitigating drug use and trade has been used to deal with marijuana. Marijuana is the most popular and most debatable drug amongst the drugs that the Federal Government has been fighting. There is a great deal of conflict amongst Americans whether marijuana should be compared to drugs like cocaine and heroine due to its health benefits. Its a drug which has received the most publicity, high ranking public officials and politicians have admitted to trying marijuana in their youth. Former President Bill Clinton and current President Barack Obama have admitted to using marijuana in their past. The problem becomes even more complex, where you have a sizable popularity and appeal for the drug/plant yet it is classified as dangerous as cocaine or heroine. The Controlled substances act of 1970 is completely flawed, it has a repeat prohibition but instead of alcohol it’s drugs. As the prohibition of alcohol created further chaos instead of mitigating it, the same can be stated for the War on Drugs. Americans caught within this conflict have paid greatly. Since the 1970s, drug war policies have lead to the conviction and marginalization of the U. S Citizens and disproportionately the poor and non white, while completely failing to mitigate illegal drug use, drug-related deaths. In 2011, 1. 53 million Americans were arrested for non violent drug charges and about 663 000 were arrested for the possession of marijuana. If you compare these numbers to the total number of people arrested, 2. 3 million, almost half of the people arrested in the United States in 2011 were minor drug users. There is no logic behind the harsh punishment for drug users. Incarcerating for nonviolent drug offenses destroys the life of the offenders. A criminal conviction on anyone’s resume will make it almost impossible for them to find a job. Further, if a student is convicted, any governmental assistance or loan for education will be denied to them. The focus needs to be less on obtaining convictions and more on prevention of the addictions. Imposing moral values on the mass public creates crime waves. The war on drug gives gangsters an environment to sell drugs, tax and duty free, to any individual regardless of age or health requirement due to an unregulated market. The gangs are used to market the product, why must a marijuana dealer be deemed a criminal? Because marijuana, due to the scheduled I labelling, has been infused with real hard core drugs (cocaine, heroine). A substance that can be grown at home can’t easily be prohibited. A rational analysis will claim that the drug laws do more harm than drugs themselves. The Tenth Amendment goes as follows The Powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the States \respectively, or to the people. † The main reason, through empirical analysis, it can be concluded that the U. S Federal Government has been promoting anti-drug laws for so long that it has become an image, a slogan for their agenda. If the Federal Government passes a law on marijuana, firstly it affects the Federal Government and the President’s image in a negative manner because how can the Government go back on what they were fighting for all this time. The â€Å"War on Drugs† will is highly criticized. Secondly, if marijuana becomes legalized there will be pressure for other legal drugs in the States to become legalized by the Federal Government as well. Crimes are caused more by people under emotional stress than by people under the influence of marijuana. Marijuana, ounce per ounce, is worth more than gold plus the drug dealers who make $30000 a year wouldn’t want marijuana to be legal. An unregulated market makes it easier for kids to get a hold of marijuana. In fact, an unregulated market for marijuana makes it easier for kids under drinking age to get marijuana than to get cigarettes thus the law doesnt work; it cannot regulate immorality by completely banning a drug and then arresting hundreds of thousands of people for simply being in possession of it. Decriminalization is illogical!

cryptonym - definition and examples of cryptonym

cryptonym - definition and examples of cryptonym Definition A cryptonym is a word or name thats secretly used to refer to a particular person, place, activity, or thing; a code word or name. A well-known example is Operation Overlord, the cryptonym  for the Allied invasion of German-occupied western Europe during World War II. The term cryptonym is derived from two Greek words meaning hidden and name. See Examples and Observations below. Also see: Name That -nym: A Brief Introduction to Words and NamesPseudonym Examples and Observations Cryptonyms are  often temporary, are known to only a select group of people, and are usually of unrelated or at best covert meaning. Some  cryptonyms are  simply combinations of letters and figures.(Adrian Room,  An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies. Scarecrow, 1996)Reinhard was the cryptonym for the German plan to exterminate the Jews of Poland.(MichaÅ‚ Grynberg, Words to Outlive Us: Voices From the Warsaw Ghetto. Macmillan, 2002) White House CryptonymsThe Oval Offices next occupant opted for this moniker [Renegade] after being presented with a list of names beginning with the letter R. As custom dictates, the rest of his familys code names will be alliterative: wife Michelle is known as Renaissance; daughters Malia and Sasha are Radiance and Rosebud, respectively.(Renegade: President-elect Barack Obama. Time magazine, November 2008) CIA CryptonymsThe true identities of  cryptonyms are  among the most precious secrets of the Central Intelligence Agenc y (CIA).- The CIA often used multiple cryptonyms for the same entity to strengthen operational security and maintain compartmentalization of the information.In the CIA nomenclature, cryptonyms always appear in capital letters. The first two letters were used for cryptographic security and were based on factors such as the geography or type of operation.  The rest of  the cryptonym  was a word selected randomly from a dictionary, in principle with no particular relation to the place or person  the cryptonym  was supposed to mask. However, it is not difficult to imagine tongue-in cheek CIA officers picking words like wahoo for Albanian, drink for Greece, credo for Rome, gypsy for communist, roach for Yugoslavia, crown for United Kingdom, steel for Soviet Union, and metal for Washington, D.C.(Albert Lulushi,  Operation Valuable Fiend: The CIAs First Paramilitary Strike Against the Iron Curtain. Arcade, 2014)- Vladimir I. Vetrovwho had the cryptonym FAREWELLreported to Weste rn intelligence services that the Soviets had placed bugs on the printers used by the French intelligence service for communications.(Ronald Kessler, Inside the CIA. Simon Schuster, 1992)- The longtime personal physician of the Castros mother and some of her daughters was a reporting source. Bernardo Milanes, known to  the Agency by  his cryptonym  AMCROAK, was recruited in December 1963 in Madrid. At the time he and others were plotting an assassination attempt against [Fidel] Castro.(Brian Latell,  Castros Secrets: The CIA and Cubas Intelligence Machine. Palgrave Macmillan, 2012)-  The Farm was known officially by the  cryptonym  ISOLATION. The names of places and operations were a special language in the Agency.(Don DeLillo,  Libra. Viking, 1988)-  Flower was the overall top-secret code-name designator given to anti-Qaddafi operations and plans. Only about two dozen officials, including the President and Casey, were given access.Under Flower, Tulip was the code name for a CIA covert operation designed to topple Qaddafi by supporting anti-Qaddafi exile movements.(Bob Woodward, Veil: The Secret Wars of the CIA, 1981-1987. Simon and Schuster, 2005) Pronunciation: KRIP-te-nim

Top 8 Best Grad School Scholarships and Fellowships

Top 8 Best Grad School Scholarships and Fellowships Contrary to popular belief, a sky-high GPA is not the only way to obtain grad school scholarships. Every year, hundreds of students are awarded prestigious scholarships and fellowships that will fund their post-graduate studies partially or entirely, and not all of these students earned all A’s every time.   Key Takeaways Prestigious national and international grad school scholarships include Fulbright, Rhodes, Truman, and the Marshall.Awards committees look for well-rounded individuals with clear, concise, and achievable goals.Whether or not you earn an award, the application process can be a useful tool for determining personal and professional goals. While academic merit is important, awards committees look for students that demonstrate leadership capability, participate in extracurricular activities, volunteer, and maintain a strong sense of self. In short, the key to earning one of these scholarships is to be a well-rounded person with a clear and achievable goal.   The following is some information on the most prestigious scholarships and fellowships awarded to students on an annual basis to help you decide which scholarship is best for you.   Fulbright U.S. Student Program Annual Deadline: Early to Mid-October, check website for exact date Launched in 1946 as a way to redirect post-war financial surplus to promote cross-cultural goodwill and understanding, the Fulbright U.S. Student Program now awards an estimated 2,000 grants annually to recent university graduates. Fulbright recipients use grants to pursue international post-graduate goals, including research projects, graduate education, and teaching. Placements are available in more than 140 countries around the world. Though only citizens of the United States may apply for the U.S. Student Program, the Fulbright Program offers opportunities for working professionals and international applicants, as well.   Rhodes Scholarship Annual Deadline: First Wednesday of October The Rhodes Scholarship, established in 1902, provides full funding for students from the United States to pursue a post-graduate degree at the University of Oxford. As the oldest and arguably most prestigious international scholarship in the world, the competition for a Rhodes is exceptionally high. Applicants must first earn a nomination from their undergraduate university to be considered for the Rhodes. Out of a pool of 800-1,500 exceptional students, only 32 receive the award each year.   Marshall Scholarship Annual Deadline: Early October, check website for exact date The Marshall Scholarship annually provides up to 50 high-achieving students from the United States the opportunity to pursue a post-graduate or doctoral degree at any institution in the United Kingdom. The award includes full funding of tuition, textbook expenses, room and board, research fees, and travel between the U.S. and the U.K. for the duration of the program of study, typically two years. The award can be extended to include a third year under certain circumstances.   Barry Goldwater Scholarship Annual Deadline: Last Friday in January The Barry Goldwater Scholarship provides up to $7,500 to rising undergraduate juniors and seniors studying natural science, mathematics, or engineering who plan to pursue a career in research. Though not a grad school scholarship, many Goldwater recipients go on to receive prestigious academic awards for future studies, as the Goldwater indicates exemplary academic merit. Approximately 300 students receive the award annually. Students must be enrolled as full-time students in an accredited United State institution and hold at least sophomore status in order to be eligible.  Applicants must be citizens of the United States, U.S. nationals, or permanent residents with the intent to become U.S. citizens. Students must be nominated by a Goldwater at their university.   Harry S. Truman Scholarship Annual Deadline: First Tuesday in February Named after the 33rd president of the United States, the Truman Scholarship provides students planning on pursuing careers in public service with $30,000 to be used for graduate studies. The awards committee seeks students with strong leadership skills and a demonstrated background in public service. After completing degree programs, Truman recipients are required to work in public service for three to seven years. To receive a Truman Scholarship, students must first be nominated by faculty representative (or a faculty member willing to serve in this position) at their home university. Universities are only permitted to nominate four students each year, so larger or more academically rigorous universities might old internal competitions for qualifying students. Each year, over 600 students are nominated by their universities, and between 55 and 65 candidates are selected to receive the award. To be eligible, applicants must be United States citizens or nationals.   National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Annual Deadline: Late October or Early November, check website for exact date The National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship provides a $34,000 stipend and $12,000 allowance for educational costs per year for up to three years to exceptional students pursuing research-based work in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology fields. The fellowship is the oldest scholarship program specifically for those pursuing STEM-related graduate degrees. To be eligible, students must be United States citizens, nationals, or permanent residents. The National Science Foundation strongly encourages under represented members of the scientific community, including women, minorities, and people of color, to apply for the fellowship. Awards are given in all research-based STEM fields, including psychology and social sciences, as well as hard sciences.   George J. Mitchell Scholarship Annual Deadline: Late September, check website for exact date The George J. Mitchell Scholarship offers up to 12 United States students the opportunity to pursue a graduate degree at any institution in the Republic of Ireland or Northern Ireland. The scholarship includes full tuition, housing costs, and a monthly stipend for the duration of one year. To be eligible, applicants must be United States citizens between 18 and 30 years old, and they must hold a bachelor’s degree before beginning the Mitchell Scholarship program.   Churchill Scholarship Annual Deadline: Mid to Late October, check website for exact date The Churchill Scholarship provides 15 United States students with the opportunity to study for one year at the University of Cambridge’s Churchill College, the only STEM-focused college at Cambridge. The scholarship was established by Winston Churchill to promote scientific inquiry and exchange between the United States and the United Kingdom. Recipients of the award receive approximately $60,000, used to cover all tuition and fees, textbook expenses, accommodation, travel to and from the United States, and visa costs. Recipients are also eligible for an additional research stipend. To be eligible, students must be United States citizens, and they must be senior undergraduate students applying from a participating university. The complete list of participating universities can be found on the Churchill Scholarship website. In 2017, the Churchill Foundation launched the Kanders Churchill Scholarship in an attempt to bridge a growing gap between science and public policy. Citizenship requirements for the Kanders Churchill Scholarship remain the same, but applicants may apply from any university in the United States, so long as they hold a bachelor’s degree in a STEM field. Kanders Churchill Scholarship recipients will attend Churchill College while pursuing a Master’s in Public Policy. Application Tips and Tricks These awards are prestigious and highly sought after for a reason. The application processes can take months or even years to complete from start to finish, and the competition is tough. Here are a few tips to help guide you through the sometimes daunting search for grad school scholarships. Find your focus Don’t waste your time submitting rushed or unfocused applications. Instead, do your research, and determine which grad school scholarship is best for you. Focus your time and effort on making that application stand out. Ask for Help Many universities have started to employ full-time staff specifically to help students with post-graduate scholarship and fellowship applications. Even if your university doesn’t have this kind of staff available, you can search through your department for any professors or alumni that received prestigious awards and ask them for advice or mentorship. Utilize free university resources.  A school writing center can help you focus your ideas, while a resume workshop can help you polish up your list of accomplishments. Use the Process Remember, even if you aren’t chosen as a recipient, the application process for any of these awards can be a fulfilling experience that helps you identify your future goals. Treat it as a tool and get as much out of it as you can.

Electronic use in everyday life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Electronic use in everyday life - Essay Example These opponents argue that technology is making things difficult for mankind and these problems would be felt in the latter years of life. On the other hand the proponents of technology argue that it is a blessing for the whole mankind as it is making things a lot easier for people. The question then remains â€Å"Is technology really affecting us adversely or not?† This essay would further address this question by revolving around the negative influence of technology on our daily lives. The introduction of internet and computers in our life has turned out to be joyful for many as individuals enjoy surfing and chatting on the internet. Internet not only helps one to surf and chat but also helps to find out useful information about different topics. But the opponents argue that internet has turned out to be a disaster for many. Experts on technology believe that excess usage of computers and internet makes one impulsive and forgetful in his daily life. Excessive usage of internet has been termed to be fall under the category of addiction. Different types of self assessment tests have been designed to check if one falls under the category of internet addiction or not. A study done by the researchers in the University of Melbourne showed that around 10% of the students were suffering from the problem of internet addiction and this clearly shows that people are wasting their time on the internet rather than doing something useful. Some term this addiction as internet de pendence but this also has its negative effects as it is causing people to be distracted from their real life relationships. In other words internet is causing people to be distracted from education and family both at the same time. Cell phones also fall in the category of the internet as they seem to be causing dependence amongst the people too (Parker 2010). The introduction of nuclear power and nuclear weapons has also turned different aspects of the

Chemical reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chemical reaction paper - Essay Example The chlorine compounds formed such as hypochlorite is in unstable and decomposes gaining oxygen to form a stable compound. Proper understanding of how bleach works require scrutiny of the changes that take place at the molecular level. The oxidation process by the bleach breaks the chemical bonds of the coloured part of the molecules known as the chromophore. The breaking of the bond changes the molecule in such a way that it has no color or does not reflect any color in the normal spectrum that can be seen with naked eyes. On the other hand, reducing bleach acts by converting the double bond of the chromophore into a single bond and thus changes the optical structure of the compound making it colorless (Innes, 2009). During the process, some bonds are broken. The chemical bond in the chromophore is broken which converts it to a compound that has no color or cannot reflect color in the normal spectrum. Another type of bond broken is the covalent bond in the bleaching agent as the release or gaining of oxygen atom

The Computer :: essays research papers

The Computer This report is about the impact that the personal computer has made during the past 10 years on the the community. It is a report that includes detailed information about the personal computer and the way it has worked its way into a lot of peoples everyday lives. It includes information about the Internet and how it has shaped peoples life from just a hobby and into an obsession. It includes detailed information about its history, especially the time in which it was first developed. There is information about future possibilities for the computer about who it could be the future and destroy the future. There is a description on how it is developed and an in-depth look at how it works. A personal computer is a machine that lets you do do just about everything you could think of. You can do some basic word-processing and spreadsheets as well as 'Surf the Internet'. You can play the latest computer games by yourself as well as against someone from across the other side of the world. It can store databases which could contain information that is kept by police for easier records or you could just use it for your own family history. The basic structure of a computer is a keyboard, a moniter, a and case which holds all the componets to make a computer run like a Hard drive, a Motherboard, and a Video card. There are many other additions you can make to this such as a Modem, a Joystick, and a Mouse. The personal computer was developed during the year 1945 by the Americans to help them decode enemy secret codes during the Second World War. At this time the computers were huge and only used by governments because they were as big as room. This was because the main thing they used were vacuum valves which made the computer enormous. They also never had anything to hold any memory so they couldn't actually be classed as a true computer. The introduction of a way to store a file was brought around in the year 1954. The computer did not have a big impact on the community until about the year 1985 Commodore released a gange of computers called the Commodore 64 and also another Commodore computer called the Vic 20 which was released in the year 1982. When Intel saw the Commodore 64's success it released its brand new 386 processor in the year 1985. Though the 386 was easily the better and faster processor the Commodore 64 seemed to be the computer getting all the attention

What Is Accounting Ethics

What is Accounting Ethics? The term accounting ethics are formed by the combination of two different words, namely accounting and ethics. Fortes, (2011) believes that ‘accounting is the collection, measurement, analysis and reporting of events in financial terms. ’ While Karthik, (2010) believes that ‘ethics in its broader sense, deals with human conduct in relation to what is morally good and bad, right and wrong. It is the application of values to decision-making. These values include honesty, fairness, responsibility, respect and compassion. Therefore, merging the two together will definitely assist in arriving at a proper definition of the term. Hence, accounting ethics can simply be defined as the general rules governing the accounting profession and setting a standard for the practitioners in making the right professional decisions at all times in order to abide by the rules. Dyson, (2010) believes that â€Å"accounting ethics relate to the moral code or pri nciples expected to be adopted in the preparation of accounts†.It should be noted that the importance of accounting ethics cannot be underestimated as it plays a vital role in the daily professional activities of an accountant. It is obvious that in the process of carrying out duties as a professional accountant, their will be various challenges as to whose interest is to be protected. In such a situation, if there are no ethics in place, it is possible for the accountant to act unprofessional. Origin and background of accounting ethics The history of accounting ethics can be traced to the 15th century when the first known accounting book was published.Luca Pacioli, an Italian mathematician who is also regarded as the â€Å"Father of Accounting† wrote on accounting ethics in his first book. The book titled Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni, et Proportionalita, which included two chapters – de Computis et Scripturis – describing double-entry book keeping was published in 1494. Dyson, (2010) states that ‘the first known book on the subject accounting was published in 1494 by an Italian mathematician called Pacioli’. It should be noted however that the publication of this book only brought about the beginning and introduction of accounting ethics and not of accounting itself.Belkaoui, (2004) stated that ‘Luca Pacioli did not invent double-entry book keeping, but described what was being at the time’. He further stated that ‘were we to trace this important science (accounting) back to its origin, we would be naturally led to ascribe the first invention to the first considerable merchants ’. The theories and principles of Pacioli on accounting ethics have been in used from the fifteenth century and the modern book-keeping systems are still based on the principles, although they have had to be adapted to suit modern conditions.Importance of accounting ethics in 2012 The only way by which th e importance of accounting ethics can be visible is by the proper enforcement of the ethics on the accounting profession. Several bodies in different countries have been setup to maintain such enforcement. An example is the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board in America. This body in the course of its oversight function this year has discovered so many frauds that had gone undetected for many years.Norris, (2012) stated that ‘in 13 of the 23 audits carried out, the board reported that the auditors did not perform sufficient procedures to identify, assess and respond to the risks of material misstatement of the financial statement due to fraud’. This literally means that this year more than fifty percent of firms will have one form of fraud or the other going on in their firms and the only way by which such fraud can be tackled and revealed is by proper enforcement of accounting ethics. References Belkaoui, R. A. , (2004). Account theory. 5th ed. Hampshire: South-W estern Cengage LearningDyson, J. R. , (2010). Accounting for non-accounting students. 8th ed. Essex: FT Prentice Hall. Fortes, H. , (2011). Accounting simplified. Essex: FT Prentice Hall Karthik, N. , (2010). Accounting ethics. Buzzle, (online). Available at: http://www. buzzle. com/articles/accounting-ethics. html. (Accessed 29 October 2012). Norris, F. , (2012). Business day. The New York Times, (online). Available at: http://www. nytimes. com/2012/08/21/business/accounting-board-faults-audits-of-brokerage-firms. html? ref=accountingandaccountants&_r=0. (Accessed 26 Oct. 2012)

Effects Of Oppression On African American Teenagers

The factors of the effects of oppression in the lives of African American teenagers is the opposite of the factors in which that would produce â€Å"The American Dream†. The restrictions and exclusions of the government, history, and irrational mindsets has caused many African-American teenagers to depend on unorthodox alternatives for the use of spare time, making money, and the feeling of acceptance. Oppression of African-American teenagers has caused poor education, violence, gang activity, broken or dysfunctional homes, and health issues. Hatred is another major factor of the effects of oppression in the lives of African-American teenagers. Oppression is also the cause of civil wars, and a disunited nation. Oppression doesn’t just effect the oppressed, it effects everything around it including the oppressors. Due to the discrimination of African-Americans, and oppression resulting from it, the government, justice system, educational system, and society has made it c lear that African-American teenagers obtaining a thorough and effective education is the least of their concerns. It is almost as though African-American teenagers are purposely being set up to fail. As stated in â€Å"The Oppression of Black People, The Crimes of This System and the Revolution we need†, â€Å"Today the schools are more segregated than they have been since the 1960s with urban, predominantly Black and Latino schools receiving fewer resources and set up to fail. These schools more and more resemble prisonsShow MoreRelatedCommunication Between African American Mothers and Their Daughters1740 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican American Mothers and Their Daughters Introduction A girls communication and relationship with her mother are influential to her development and well-being. Communication between mother and daughter entails sending, receiving and comprehending each other intended message. According to Belgrave (2009), majority of girls report positive relationships with their mothers. Most girls learn from their mothers. This is because mothers teach and socialize with their daughters regarding any facetRead MoreThe Music Of The Hip Hop1412 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hip Hop is basically a cultural movement that originated in the Suburbs of cities. It was began to evolve in 1970 and in particular by the Americans who of African descent (American Africans) . Rap is a type of singing. It combines the performance of different rap utter words without committing to a particular tune, and rhythm. Rap began in Kingston, Jamaica City at the end of the sixties as a kind new musical was derived from dancehall. It has spread in the United States at the beginnin g ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Native Son 1106 Words   |  5 Pagesbook is about to shred reality of race relations in this nation and the exploitation and abuse of African American. By now I really have a deeper meaning of the book. At the end of the book I realized that â€Å"Native Son† is a reflection of how the pressure and racism of American cultural environment affects black people, their emotions and self-image. Reading the novel makes me realized that oppression can lead one to do many unpleasant act or situation has bigger said ‘’everywhere that he went alwaysRead MoreThe Chicago Race Riots Of 19191291 Words   |  6 Pagesand what we will suffer for, moments that will either tear us apart and turn us into hateful human beings or teach us to become the loving humans that God always wanted us to be. Slavery, seg-regation and racism are some of the main concepts of oppression that we have faced since the dawn of time. Some say that the world wil l never change and there is nothing worth fighting for, but I believe that people will continue to fight for there rights especially here in America; the land of the free. Read MoreAttachment, Antisocial, And Antisocial Behavior1716 Words   |  7 Pagesantisocial behavior can lead to the development of an antisocial personality disorder because of childhood experiences involving severe relationship adversity and maltreatment (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Although an individual must be 18 years of age to be diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder, the American Psychiatric Association (2013) only requires that 3 of these symptoms be present by age 15 to diagnose an individual with Antisocial Personality Disorder. Diagnostic behaviorRead MoreProstitution : A Feminist Perspective1655 Words   |  7 Pagesworld where women and men have an equal share of the privileges, authority, and rights that the society provides. Active Organizations and Individuals Very many organizations and individuals play an active role in discouraging prostitution in the American society. Laurie Shrage is a radical feminist who explains that prostitution degrades females in various forms; for example, female prostitutes are in many cases assaulted by their male clients (Hubbard, 2012). Other notable feminists who have discourageRead MoreMusic Has Been A Form Of Self Expression1292 Words   |  6 Pagesstudied with...the frame of its historical and social context. Today s rap music reflects its origin in the hip-hop culture of young, urban, working-class African-Americans, its roots in the African oral tradition, its function as the voice of an otherwise underrepresented group.† (source). In other words, rap serves as a way for African Americans to â€Å" reflect..their situations and atrocious environment† post civil war and segregation. Rap Artists express their aggression and counterparts â€Å"in theirRead MoreI Never Had It Made Written By Legendary African American Major League Baseball Player1457 Words   |  6 Pagesas other sports players who decided to follow suit, to the playing of the national anthem before football games. However, this is not the case. The above quote was written in the 1972 autobiography, I Never Had it Made, written by legendary African American Major League Baseball player, Jackie Robinson (McKirdy). Colin Kaepernick obviously felt the same as Jackie Robinson did when he sat on the bench rather than standing during a rendition of the national anthem before a preseason game againstRead MoreThe Black Panthers By Huey Newton And Bobby Seale1007 Words   |  5 Pagesorganization as a way to collectively combat white oppression. Dr Huey Percy Newton Born ( February 17 1942- August 22, 1989), Newton was born in Monroe, Louisiana. He was the youngest of seven children of Armelia Johnson and Walter Newton, a sharecropper and Baptist lay preacher. His parents named him after former Governor of Louisiana Huey Long. In 1945, the family migrated to oakland, california as part of the second wave of the Great Migration of African Americans out of the South to the Midwest and WestRead MoreBlack Panthers. The Black Panther Is A Group Or A Party1007 Words   |  5 PagesBlack Panthers The Black Panther is a group or a party of African Americans that was formed to protect blacks from the white law enforcement. Established in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. The two leading revolutionary men created the national organization as a way to collectively combat white oppression. Dr Huey Percy Newton (February 17 1942-August 22, 1989) was born in Monroe, Louisiana. He was the youngest of seven children of Armelia Johnson and Walter Newton, a sharecropper and Baptist